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The ksour of the Mdagra oasis (Er-Rachidia, Morocco): An inventory

Identifiers
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12251/2047
ISSN: 16821750
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIV-M-1-2020-961-2020
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Author
Gil Piqueras, María Teresa; Rodríguez Navarro, Pablo
Date
2020-09
Subject/s

Arquitectura de tierra

Marruecos

Historia de la arquitectura árabe

Edificación militar

Degradación -materiales-

Castillos

Tierra apisonada

Patrimonio arquitectónico

Geolocalización

Unesco Subject/s

3305.26 Edificios Públicos

2504.05 Levantamiento Geodésico

5503.01 Historia Local

5506.01 Historia de la Arquitectura

5506.25 Historia de la Guerra

6307.01 Evolución de las Sociedades

Abstract

The Mdagra Oasis is located in the province of Er-Rachidia, in southern Morocco. The objective of this contribution is to present an unparalleled inventory of the ksour existing in that oasis, the result of several years of study and field exploration. During the Saadi period (16th century), this area of the Ziz basin was a compulsory stop for traders on the route of caravans crossing the High Atlas. Later, during the Alauita period, the area was consolidated, and for more than 400 years many important cities were constructed using rammed earth, as Ksar es Souq or Sidi Bou Abdellah Ksar. This is how the oasis came to have an important community integrated by Berbers, Arabs and Jews. Today, most of the oasis' ksour are abandoned for different reasons and remain in a state of advanced ruin. Through fieldwork, we have been able to identify, record, analyze and classify 53 earthen human settlements, providing an unprecedented study of all of them. Subsequently, a first typological classification was proposed based on aspects such as the implementation in the territory, the external morphology, the urban organization, or the occupation area. The ultimate goal was to document this rammed earth, at-risk heritage since we have witnessed its rapid degradation, and even disappearance in some cases, throughout this investigation. © Authors 2020. CC BY 4.0 License.

The Mdagra Oasis is located in the province of Er-Rachidia, in southern Morocco. The objective of this contribution is to present an unparalleled inventory of the ksour existing in that oasis, the result of several years of study and field exploration. During the Saadi period (16th century), this area of the Ziz basin was a compulsory stop for traders on the route of caravans crossing the High Atlas. Later, during the Alauita period, the area was consolidated, and for more than 400 years many important cities were constructed using rammed earth, as Ksar es Souq or Sidi Bou Abdellah Ksar. This is how the oasis came to have an important community integrated by Berbers, Arabs and Jews. Today, most of the oasis' ksour are abandoned for different reasons and remain in a state of advanced ruin. Through fieldwork, we have been able to identify, record, analyze and classify 53 earthen human settlements, providing an unprecedented study of all of them. Subsequently, a first typological classification was proposed based on aspects such as the implementation in the territory, the external morphology, the urban organization, or the occupation area. The ultimate goal was to document this rammed earth, at-risk heritage since we have witnessed its rapid degradation, and even disappearance in some cases, throughout this investigation. © Authors 2020. CC BY 4.0 License.

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