Application of Mobile 3D Data Capture Systems to the Archaeological Documentation of Underground Galleries in the Center of Madrid

Abstract

This research delves into the intricate realm of documenting historical subterranean galleries, an area relatively understudied due to the inherent challenges of the working environment. Nonetheless, recent advancements in laser data capture techniques and photogrammetric processes have sparked a veritable revolution, resulting in a notable enhancement of both capture efficiency and level of detail achieved. Classical photogrammetry has gradually given way to topographic laser scanners in many documentation projects, which had dominated almost the entire market. However, new digital photogrammetric processing techniques, portable sensors and mobile scanning equipment are introducing a simple and efficient working methodology in the field. Laser devices embedded in tablets and mobile phones are becoming increasingly accurate and powerful, offering the opportunity to explore and evaluate their capabilities in the specific context of underground galleries. The qanat, an ancient method for collecting and transporting water through underground galleries utilizing gravity as the propelling force, serves as an exceptional testing ground for these innovative technologies. These historic constructions, prevalent throughout the Iberian Peninsula, are intricately linked to the founding of certain cities, such as Madrid. The central area presents a peculiar typology of these infrastructures that deserves meticulous documentation and in-depth analysis.