Transferencias desde la arquitectura fabril al modelo residencial: el caso de la calle Reyes Católicos de Granada en la época de expansión de la industria azucarera

Abstract

En el contexto que envuelve a Granada a finales del siglo XIX, como consecuencia de la expansión industrial del azúcar, se implantan para uso residencial los denominados modelos de inmueble de renta, importados de la arquitectura ecléctica ensayada en Europa. En su desarrollo intervinieron arquitectos que también participaron de forma activa en la construcción de ingenios azucareros y otras fábricas vinculadas a esta producción entre 1882 y 1891. A partir del análisis de la caracterización arquitectónica-constructiva de estos modelos, el objetivo de este estudio se ha centrado en registrar y demostrar la transferencia técnica de los sistemas utilizados en las fábricas al tipo residencial ecléctico implantado en la época. Se pone el foco, como muestra representativa, sobre la calle Reyes Católicos, uno de los tramos de la «calle corredor» que configura el eje vertebrador del centro de la ciudad de Granada, la cual conecta la Gran Vía de Colón con el espacio urbano de Puerta Real, en el que se resuelve el cruce entre las calles de Reyes Católicos, Recogidas, Ganivet, Mesones Acera del Darro y la Acera del Casino. Elaborado un registro exhaustivo de los sistemas estructurales comunes, el estudio conduce a unas interesantes conclusiones sobre la demostrada transferencia de los sistemas utilizados en la arquitectura fabril y los correspondientes a los modelos residenciales representativos de la época.

As a direct consequence of the expansion of the sugar industry, the context in which the city of Granada had settled shifted notoriously in the late 19th century. Rental properties were now built with the sole purpose of being used as residential buildings, a model that had been borrowed from the Eclecticism that had previously taken over European architecture. Its development was executed by several architects that, likewise, actively participated in the construction of sugar factories and other types of factories linked to the production of sugar between 1882 and 1891. Using the in-depth analysis of the architectural and constructive characterization of these models as a foundation, the main goal behind this study is to record and demonstrate the technical transference of the systems used in the construction of factories into the eclectic residential model that was being introduced. Our main focus, in this case, would be Reyes Católicos street, one of the different sections of what is known as the “corridor street”, which establishes the axis around which the city center of Granada developed. Said street connects Gran Vía de Colón street with the urban area of Puerta Real, where five different streets intersect: Reyes Católicos, Recogidas, Ganivet, Mesones, Acera del Darro and Acera del Casino. After conducting an exhaustive record of the constructive systems used in both, our study has led us to draw a few interesting conclusions about the already proven transference of the constructive systems used by industrial architecture and the ones used in the residential buildings that were built back then.