Voluntary Workplace Proenvironmental Behavior on Construction Project Sites: Antecedent Roles of Green Human Resource Management Practices, Environmental Awareness, and Job Control

Abstract

Green human resource management (GHRM) has been tagged as one of the surest means of encouraging voluntary workplace proenvironmental behavior (VWPB) among an organization's employees. However, previous studies have not analyzed the mechanism through which this happens and how the VWPB outcomes could differ depending on the employee's job control (JC) level in construction contractor organizations. To this end, this study is aimed at determining how GHRM components can lead to VWPB through environmental awareness (EA) and how the EA-VWPB relationship could differ contingent on the level of employee JC among construction contractor organizations. Data were collected from 478 construction project managers and site managers. The data collected were analyzed with the partial least squares structural equation modeling method. The findings show that all three GHRM practices (green training, green performance management, and green involvement) have significant positive effects on EA, and EA has a significant positive impact on VWPB. In contrast, JC had a negative moderating effect on VWPB, with low JC having a stronger effect. This study contributes to proenvironmental construction practice and fills existing gaps in the literature by showing empirically how GHRM can translate into VWPB through EA and how the EA-VWPB relationship varies depending on the level of JC in construction organizations. © 2025 American Society of Civil Engineers.