Methodological proposal for rammed-earth wall characterization: Understanding of material in preliminary studies

Abstract

Propose is a series of analyses and tests to be carried out in historical studies for wall characterization. There are three types of tests: a) classic methods that are well referenced and widely used for other building materials (mortars, soils, aggregates, etc.); b) instrument techniques such as XRF, SEM-EDX, XRD, etc.; and c) adaptations of normalization methods mainly corresponding to UNE-EN standards for application of these materials. Five large groupings can be established based on wall properties: chemical and mineralogical composition, physical and hydric properties, mechanical properties, granulometry, and dating. A correct interpretation of the results obtained allows non-analytical researchers (e. g., historians, archaeologists, restorers, architects, and so on) to expand their knowledge of the material's culture or its history.